Core Web Vitals Explained
- LCP (Largest Contentful Paint) — How long it takes for the largest visible element (usually a hero image or heading) to render. Target: under 2.5 seconds. Common fixes: image optimisation, preloading LCP image, faster server response, removing render-blocking resources
- CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift) — How much the page layout shifts unexpectedly as it loads. Target: under 0.1. Common fixes: explicit image dimensions, font loading strategy, avoiding late-loading content that pushes page elements
- INP (Interaction to Next Paint) — Responsiveness to user interactions. Target: under 200ms. Common fixes: reducing JavaScript execution time, deferring non-critical scripts, optimising event handlers
What a PageSpeed Engagement Covers
- Baseline measurement — Google Search Console field data analysis, PageSpeed Insights lab scores, WebPageTest runs across mobile and desktop
- Diagnostic report — Prioritised list of issues causing poor scores, with estimated impact per fix
- Optimisation implementation — Image compression and conversion to WebP/AVIF, lazy loading, critical CSS extraction, JavaScript deferral, server-side caching configuration, CDN setup
- Font optimisation — Self-hosted fonts with
font-display: swap, preconnect hints, subset loading - Verification — Post-optimisation measurements to confirm score improvements; Google Search Console monitoring to track field data improvement over 28-day collection window
